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Scott chose Shackleton to accompany Wilson and himself on the expedition's southern journey, a march southwards to achieve the highest possible latitude in the direction of the South Pole. This was not a serious attempt on the Pole, although the attainment of a high latitude was of great importance to Scott, and the inclusion of Shackleton indicated a high degree of personal trust.[38] [39] The party set out on 2 November 1902. Scott later wrote that the march was "a combination of success and failure".[40] They reached a record Farthest South latitude of 82°17′ S, beating the previous record established in 1900 by Carsten Borchgrevink .[a] [41]

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The journey was marred by the poor performance of the dogs, who rapidly fell sick after their food had become tainted.[42] All 22 dogs died during the march. The three men all suffered at times from snow blindness , frostbite and, ultimately, scurvy . On the return journey, Shackleton had by his own admission "broken down" and could no longer carry out his share of the work.[43] He later denied Scott's claim in The Voyage of the Discovery , that he had been carried on the sledge .[44] He was in a severely weakened condition; Wilson's diary entry for 14 January 1903 reads: "Shackleton has been anything but up to the mark, and today he is decidedly worse, very short winded, and coughing constantly, with more serious symptoms which need not be detailed here, but which are of no small consequence a hundred and sixty miles from the ship, and full loads to pull all the way."[45]

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The party finally arrived back at the ship on 3 February 1903.[46] After a medical examination that proved inconclusive,[47] Scott decided to send Shackleton home on the relief ship Morning ,[48] which had arrived in McMurdo Sound in January. Scott wrote: "He ought not to risk further hardships in his present state of health."[47] There is conjecture that Scott's motive for removing him was resentment of Shackleton's popularity, and that ill-health was used as an excuse to get rid of him.[49]

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Years after the deaths of Scott, Wilson and Shackleton, the expedition's second-in-command Albert Armitage claimed that there had been a falling-out on the southern journey, and that Scott had told the ship's doctor that "[if] he does not go back sick he will go back in disgrace."[47] There is no corroboration of Armitage's story. Shackleton and Scott remained on friendly terms, at least until the publication of Scott's account of the southern journey in The Voyage of the Discovery .[44] While in public they appeared mutually respectful and cordial,[50] according to biographer Roland Huntford, Shackleton's attitude to Scott turned to "smouldering scorn and dislike"; salvage of wounded pride required "a return to the Antarctic and an attempt to outdo Scott".

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After a period of convalescence in New Zealand, Shackleton returned to England via San Francisco and New York.[51] As the first significant person to return from the Antarctic, he found that he was in demand; in particular, the Admiralty wished to consult him about its further proposals for the rescue of Discovery .[52] With Sir Clements Markham's blessing, he accepted a temporary post assisting the outfitting of the Terra Nova for the second Discovery relief operation, but turned down the offer to sail with her as chief officer. He also assisted in the equipping of the Argentine Uruguay , which was being fitted out for the relief of the stranded Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskjöld .[51]

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